St John Ambulance Team

Rescue Me St. John Ambulance Team In school periods, students can join sports, news editing, cheerleading teams, and other academia groups. My alma mater was Chong Hwa High School, which was a little different from other schools because it didn’t have its own medical support, so medical care was provided by St. John ambulance team. Participating in this ambulance team was my gleeful period when I was a high school student. Still, I clearly remember the reasons for joining St. John Ambulance, being a team member and a captain. There were several reasons why I joined this ambulance team.First, when I was about 10 years old, I saw a motorcycle accident. It was a broiling day. I was trudging on the way of home and felt wobbly. Abruptly, a flying vehicle passed in front of me and boomed. An elderly rider fell in front of me. He was looking at me with eyes seeking help and stretching out his hand. His blood was flowing out ceaselessly. I was anxious and looked around of me. There wa s nobody except me. I felt helpless and sad because the only thing I could do was calling for an ambulance. However, the elder man died before the ambulance team arrived.The ground was dyed red by his blood. I couldn’t forget this event until now and blamed myself. If I could have done something for this rider, maybe I could have saved his life; also, those medical skills might have been a help for my future. Conversely, St. John ambulance team was a well developed international organization. St John ambulance team was founded in United Kingdom in 1877; also, it expanded to other countries with the colonization by the United Kingdom. There is a great number of branches of St. John ambulance teams on the world; moreover, I could use its medical license everywhere.For instance, I had a CPR license,which could provide me with legal support when I rescued a patient. If the patient died during my assistance, I would not get sued by the patient’s family. Being an ambulance t eam member was a very excellent experience for me, and I learned various lessons from camping trips and different services. My first camping trip was a freshman trip. I was very excited about it. On this trip, I learned about St. John principles. The principles were eight words: tact, resource, observation, dexterity, explicitness, sympathy, discrimination and perseverance.If we could achieve those principal eight words, we could be an efficient ambulance team member. For instance, we had a Furthermore, I comprehended how important teamwork was. During the camping trip, we needed to find a partner to work with; such as brushing each other’s teeth, practicing medical skills. Survival camping was another lesson which inspired me a lot. On this trip, we learned about outdoor survival skills. Those skills helped me to improve my medical skills. For example, what would you do when you got bitten by a snake. First, you needed to wash the injury with clean water.Second, you used a s terilized knife to cut a cross on the injury, and pushed the poisoned blood out. Furthermore, first aid services were extremely helpful experiences for me because I could attend to injured people on the first scene of accidents. My most unforgettable memory was when I needed to search an arm of a young guy at an accident scene. This event was on highway, and the driver’s arm was cut off by being crushed by a truck. I was ordered to find his arm; then, I found it on other side of the highway. The severed part of the arm was extraordinarily terrifying.The bone was exposed; also, I saw a little blood dropping from the mashed flesh. When I picked up the arm, I was terrified and wanted to vomit. The tactility and odor of the arm was disgusting. I couldn’t have a meal and sleep in that day; still, I was tortured by this nightmare for a week and woke up miserable with every morning. When I was a senior student, I passed the test of the ambulance team and became a captain. Bei ng a captain of a medical team was not easy for me because I did’t have experience to manage a team. My first problem was training my team. All captain needed to train their teams by themselves.I didn’t have much teaching experience; as a result, my team was a disaster. My team couldn’t follow my directions and always ruined our practices. In one time, we had a rescue rehearsal; my term was supposed to carry invalids to a safe place; nonetheless, they dragged those patients instead. As a result, our practice were failed. On the other hand, I understood that â€Å"Great power comes with great responsibilities. † I had power to manage my team members, but I also needed to take responsibility when they made mistakes. In a medical team, mistakes were huge issues because our mistakes ould exacerbate our patients’ conditions. One time, my team member used the wrong medication for a student. This student asked this member to treat his scalded. My member w as supposed to use a medication for burns; however, he used another instead . The wrong medication caused the scalded injury to worsen. This student’s skin color turned from red to dark purple. ; therefore, he needed to go to clinic. After that, this student’s parent complained to the school; consequently, I needed to apologize to this student’s parent and wrote a report to explain this incident.This incident was an awful experience for me. This indignant parent stood in front of me and screamed on my face. I was bashful and needed to smile to this parent. After this parent lift, I still had to explain this incident to headmaster, and it was the first time I saw incensed headmaster. Indeed, St. John Ambulance team influenced me a lot. I learned the value of life and medical skills; also, I got some medical licenses, which could be advantages for looking for a job in the future. When I saw those smiles of patients when they met with their family again, I felt the satisfaction of helping people.Also, there are many unexpected accidents everywhere. Learning these medical skills can help me to provide some cure to injured people or perhaps even my family in the future. However, the most important thing was trying and experiencing different things. During school life, most people are afraid to try new things, such as joining a unfamiliar groups, meeting some new friends, or other. I strongly recommend people to try new things because they may learn or experience useful knowledge for their futures. Aiding others is the perfect medicine and remedy for one’s soul. The greater the help the greater the dosage.

Edwards’ Sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Essay

When first reading Jonathan Edwards’ sermon, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,† shocked readers how it started right in about the wrath of God and Hell. His diction and images create a tone of alarming immediacy – act now for your own good. â€Å"The bow of God’s wrath is bent†, the arrow ready to pierce the heart of a sinner. Edwards uses this frightening image to compare the power of God to the people. His point is that he wants to persuade sinners to repent. Edwards seems to feel a harsh tone is needed in this to get the point across that they need God to lead them out of the dreadful pit. Edwards’ word choices present a contradiction, saying that people who have a relationship with God can still go to Hell because there is only God’s hand holding us up from Hell. The word â€Å"obligation† implies that the arrow could pierce a sinner’s heart right now, during his sermon. Also, â€Å"everlasting destructionà ¢â‚¬  has a big impact, telling people that they can have life if they follow God, or be swallowed up by Hell. Edwards is didactic and harsh with the information he tries to convey to the congregation, scaring them he hopes, into salvation. He uses these tools to help the tone on the importance of knowing God and how people’s lives can be changed. He does this out of love, trying to tell them how it really is and wanting them to choose the right way. This frightening, bullying tone is a far cry from the 21st century sermons which emphasize God’s love for mankind as in the well known verse John 3:16.

The Failure of Gatsby’s American Dream

The Failure of Gatsby’s American Dream In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s famous novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is portrayed as being an admirable, wealthy, kind, and genuinely impressive man. However, that being said, he is also portrayed as pretentious, deceptive, criminal, and most importantly to the plot, completely insatiable. Even though the novel’s narrator, Nick Carraway, heavily sympathizes with Gatsby, he has many character flaws that ultimately assure the failure of his â€Å"dream†, and even lead to his untimely demise. The first bit from the novel that demonstrates Gatsby’s inability to be content, is the fact that he is not Jay Gatsby. It is learned about halfway through the novel that Jay Gatsby from California is actually a man names James Gatz, who comes from Chicago. The fact that Gatsby fabricated his past and lives his life under an alias shows that he is unable to be content even with his own origins. To go through the trouble of making up an entire past for himself rather than simply revealing the truth shows that either he was too ashamed to tell of his family for his financial background, or as is more likely, he found it to be boring. By very nature, Gatsby craves excitement and adventure. In order to make himself seem more exciting and adventurous, he became Jay Gatsby. After examining that, it’s best to look at Gatsby’s chosen vocation. Although Gatsby claims to have his money from being born of a wealthy family from the West, he is later revealed to have earned his money from the illegal business of manufacturing and selling bootlegged liquor. Seeing Gatsby use criminal means to achieve wealth and the â€Å"American Dream† demonstrates how desperately he wants to be taken seriously. Using his fake persona and fool-proof criminal processes to get wealth and social status means to him that most certainly, he could not be looked down upon or judged for being born of a lower class family and not having any of his own wealth to speak of. Working in the criminal underground also means, however, that he would make very few social connections, and have few true friends, bringing me to my next point. Gatsby desperately longs for personal relationships. This is apparent in everything from the way he desperately clings to his love of Daisy to his willingness to allow Ewing Kilspringer, whom Gatsby barely knows, to sponge off him and virtually live at his mansion. Since the adventure and excitement of his fake persona and his criminal lifestyle are not enough to satisfy Gatsby, he figures that the only way to obtain true happiness would be through interactions with people, who can be around him and always admire his accomplishments and somehow complete him. However, Gatsby is unable to make social connections because of his own social awkwardness, which as becomes more and more apparent, he compensates for with his wealth and possessions. The best example of this is Gatsby’s parties, in which the guests all have an excellent time, and know of Gatsby, but know almost nothing about him, even to the point where nobody seems to know where he even came from. Gatsby’s awkwardness and fear of real people causes him to close himself off even at his own parties, and hope that somehow the good time people have will make them admire him more (which, oddly, seems to work). The desire for intimate personal relationships becomes Gatsby’s own version of â€Å"The American Dream† which manifests itself most strongly in his â€Å"love† for Daisy Buchanan. Daisy and Gatsby were briefly lovers before Gatsby was sent off to the First World War. Having been the last person who Gatsby felt any true emotions toward, Daisy becomes the object of his desire, affections, and now, his energy and will to achieve. Gatsby’s dream however is crushed by the realization that Daisy is not the ideal person who he thinks she is. Since Gatsby is a lover of fantasy and exaggeration, he holds all people to an impossible standard of how he thinks people should be, even himself. The real Daisy is almost too shallow to really love, as is most evidenced by the way she is so emotionally moved by some silk shirts that Gatsby has, calling them the most beautiful things she has ever seen. Despite the fact that Daisy is not who Gatsby wants her to be, he clings to her, either realizing his impossible standard, or so far into his delusion that he is unable to see her as anything but ideal despite her major character flaws. Beginning an affair, the two plot to stand up to Daisy’s abusive husband Tom, and run away together. When the plan finally has the chance to come to fruition, however, Daisy is unable to tell Tom that she does not love him. The reason for this is not because Gatsby is undeserving, but because he is so insatiable, and unstoppably ambitious to the point that he doesn’t know what he truly wants, that he is unable to actually achieve anything that might make a true difference in his life. Tom on the other hand, while rude and pushy and genuinely unkind, knows exactly hat he wants and has no problems in simply taking it. After a car crash kills Tom’s lover, Myrtle, Gatsby attempts one more act of gallantry in order to prove his worth and determination. He takes the blame for Myrtle’s death in an attempt to save Daisy, who was really to blame. As Gatsby stops to finally take in all that he has accomplished, and finally appreciate what he has (symbolized by him f inally using his pool) he is murdered by George Wilson, Myrtle’s husband who then takes his own life. Oddly enough, after Wilson’s murder/suicide, the reader is then struck by the striking similarities between Wilson and Gatsby. They both tired of being taken advantage of, they both loved a woman who was not real, and they both longed for true companionship. The only difference is that one of them was able to achieve greatly on a more worldly level, which despite his large personal shortcomings, made him into that person of his own creation that he had so desperately wanted to be: The Great Gatsby.

Describe how agency theory can be used to explain the mixture of Essay

Describe how agency theory can be used to explain the mixture of measurement methods observed in contemporary financial reporting. You may provide examples, where relevant, to support your answer - Essay Example orical costs for property and equipment, fair value for financial instruments) were developed, they are used to calculate such monetary amounts that will be used as the basis for the incentives and rewards and, ultimately, to calculate the rewards and incentives. In connection with the above, the principal also often have performance measurement systems in place to assess the performance of their agents. These systems include (among others) an analysis of the financial statements and its relevant ratios (particularly the debt to equity ratio). The measurement methods are used to provide reasonable monetary amounts that can be assigned to each account in the financial statements. In turn, these monetary amounts are used to assess the agent’s performance (in terms of profits, growth and asset base) and are also used to calculate the critical ratios used for such assessment. Thus, the agency theory and its related performance measurement and rewards systems are supported by the measurement methods as the latter provide the means by which the principals can assess the performance of their agents and the amount of rewards or incentives that the former will give to the latter. Corollary with the agency theory is the concept of agency costs (Jensen, n.d.). The measurement methods may actually affect the agency costs. Agency costs may actually encourage â€Å"companies to choose accounting methods that pre-commit against management opportunism† (Christensen and Nikolaev, 2009). This makes companies prefer the historical cost method it is perceived to be a â€Å"more effective mechanism for reducing agency costs† (Christensen and Nikolaev, 2009). Fair value and its estimates, on the other hand, may be subjected to the agent’s (management’s) discretion, which in turn, may translate to an increase in agency costs that will be borne by the company. Thus, the presence (or absence) of agency costs actually influence the choice of measurement methods that will be used by

Biology DB 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology DB 5 - Essay Example Support is a function that is mainly conducted by the stem, and for this reason a yam is modification of a normal plant. Botanically yams are in the family of monocotyledonous referred to as Dioscoreaceae and genus Dioscorea. The main reason as to why they are grown is because of their tuber or storage organs. The root cortex of a yam as compared to that of a corn is huge, which enables it to store sugar, starch and other substances. Casparian strip, which is water-impermeable strip of waxy material situated in the endodermis does not control uptake of minerals into the xylem as compared to other plants such as corn plants. This is because most of the minerals are stored and retained in the root, which functions as a stem. Yam as a plant can be said to support leaves because a stem is absent, the anatomy of yam as a plant can be said to be a modification of other standard plant. Animals and animal products are beneficial to human beings for different purposes other than for food. Animal products are highly beneficial in production of materials for clothes. Pigs are essential in production of valuable products such as suede for manufacture of clothes and production of shoes. Cattle produce leather which is sourced from the hides in the animal skin. The leather is used in the manufacture of clothes, shoes, purses, wallets and car upholstery. Feathers from poultry especially from geese and ducks are important in stuffing down clothes such as pillows and jackets. Sheep is a great source of wool that is used in processing yarn for knitting socks, shirts and other different cloths. Rabbits are a source of far used in knitting socks, yarn and other types of clothing. The most important benefit of animals is medicinal applications. Animal products have been tested methodically as a source of drugs especially in modern medicine. For instance, a snake venom is used as an

Child Poverty and Guaranteed Income in Canada Research Paper - 1

Child Poverty and Guaranteed Income in Canada - Research Paper Example The disagreements around a guaranteed income seem to focus around the concepts of charity vs entitlement. These disagreements, rest upon differing perspectives of child poverty and guaranteed income. For the purposes of this paper, we will agree on a definition of poverty that has been cited by 111 books, from 1962 to 2008, according to the Google search listing of citations, for search phrase, â€Å"child poverty†. The poor shall be taken to mean persons, families and groups of persons whose resources (material, cultural and social) are so limited as to exclude them from the minimum acceptable way of life in the Member State in which they live (Vieminclox and Smeeding, p. 34). This is a fair definition when speaking about poverty in general, or world poverty, because it assumes differing living standards in all countries, differing national priorities, and the multiple aspects of resources rather than limiting the concept to money. Countries, of course, generally state a spec ific monetary level, below which is poverty, and above which is not poverty. This legalistic definition is less pragmatic, however, because people’s circumstances differ greatly and resources vary with a range of circumstances beyond income. For example, a healthy family living with three homeschooled children in a rural intentional community will require fewer resources, per capita, than a young executive couple with a staggeringly high mortgage, a parent with Alzheimer’s, maintained in a nearby facility, three family members in psychoanalysis, a high-interest credit card balance and two children in private school. The needs of each family are quite different. Highlighting the quoted definition for poverty, and adjusting it to focus on child poverty, is a suitable definition by Canadian standards also, because Canada does not specify an official poverty line but uses a lower income cut-off (LIC), relative to situational factors, below which the standard of living woul d be challenged, but not necessarily fitting the definition of poverty (Segal). The National Council of Welfare and most social policy researchers use the LIC as their preferred measure of poverty, even though it was never intended to be used that way and even though doing so gives a greatly inflated picture of people’s discretionary income (Goldberg). Considering this idea of poverty relativity, it is intriguing to note that Canada is one of the richest nations in the world, yet is ranked extremely low, by comparison with other developed nations, for child well-being. This is in spite of the Canadian government’s ratification of the 1991 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Free the Children; Howe and Covell), in which the elimination of child poverty was articulated as a foremost priority. Of course, ratification is not legally binding or enforceable, but it does indicate public and formal political agreement and obligation to cooperate with other na tions to eliminate child poverty, and focus attention and action on this issue. It has meaning. I will address questions of why Canada is still ranked low for child well-being; whether poverty is income based and what the key variables are in urban and rural poverty in Canada; which groups are most affected; and what are the outcomes of child poverty. I will discuss evidence of social and political motivation to end child poverty in Canada and will raise social change scenarios to direct

Ethical Issue currently facing the Army Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Ethical Issue currently facing the Army - Essay Example With the attack being at the center stage of making references, this paper unearth on how the American response to the attack related with the ethics as stipulated in the military. The paper then discusses factors that necessitated the emergence of the issue, its impacts in the military and the perceived enemies and civilians. Thus, recommendations after a scrutiny of the above concerns are made in attempt to enable the military amicable strike a suitable balance regarding the ethical conduct and response. Following the chronology given above, this paper tends to account for every stage as considered below. With reference to the abstract, appreciation that in military, the junior officers take orders without questioning is construable. In this case, we will be considering the act of killing in military. Given the level of orders execution in the military, chances are that they can partake in mass killing without justification on the perceived enemies and observes nothing sinister. This is because they are not given the chance to evaluate what is ethical and, which is not. Considering the religious teachings from Christianity, Hindu, and the Buddhist, there is unequivocal respect to the sanctity of life and that none should deprive the other such right. Killing in this context is prohibited and not tolerated-it is immoral and unethical. This consideration has sparked animated debate within the military since the ethical aspect of killing has gained tremendous momentum and it is now being given keen inclusion in the military training. Currently, the military training has been restructured to include stringent observation and adherence to the cardinal principle of respecting life whether it is coming from the direction of the enemy or the civilian. Since the period of World War I and II, Period of the cold war where America and Russia

Organizational Culture and Quality Management Practices Assignment

Organizational Culture and Quality Management Practices - Assignment Example In the same way, technology also seems to be highly significant in the process of developing effective competitive strategies (Hill, 2008, p. 72). Technology makes the production of goods and services to be highly efficient and effective, which is desirable for business activities. Â  Amidst an increase in the number of businesses that are emerging in different industries, the need for high standards of quality is something that cannot be overlooked. Different industries have different ways by which they develop and apply quality standards in their management approaches. The use of quality standards ensures that the goods and services that are manufactured follow certain standards and guidelines. According to Horowitz (2010), quality management is an approach that business organizations use in enhancing customer loyalty and success in their operations. This is because customers prefer associating with companies that are known to have standards of product and service management. In this paper, I will be examining the process of development and application of quality standards in the organization that I work for as a sourcing manager, which is the healthcare industry. Â  Goes (2013), explains that the use of quality standards is something that has existed for a very long time in different industries. The need to develop and use measures and standards in the production process often shows that a business is geared towards developing and maintaining its market share. An organization that follows this trend indicates conscious efforts in achieving conformity, reducing high levels of variations and controlling the quality features of their goods and services. All these efforts are often made with the intention of replicating desirable outcomes and making improvements in the management processes of particular business organizations.

The Scream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Scream - Essay Example The essay "The Scream" tells the story about Baron Kingsley and the scream. Baron and his wife, Elsa, live near a wharf. They are married for five years now, since she got pregnant with their daughter, Eliza. When Baron sees Eliza, love swells inside him. But his wife is another thing. Sometimes, he loves Elsa, sometimes he doesn’t. Somehow, something changed since he came back from his Afghanistan post. He even thought that she would break her promise to marry him. Not that she promised. Of course, he proposed, and then she said yes. And that’s like a promise of some sort. The wharf knows everything. It witnessed his courtship and proposal. Nothing fancy with the proposal, but he did kneel. It felt wrong to not kneel when asking a lady to marry a knight. Also, Baron made sure that the day was blue and orange with sunset hues. Blue is calming and orange is a nice color too. It reminds him of fire, so hot it burns and it feels good burning. He likes playing with candles. He always tests how long his finger can take the flames. Going back to the proposal, Baron kneeled and asked his girlfriend to marry her. Elsa looked like someone expecting it for a long time. They have been together since high school. They broke up during college, and then found each other again, when Elsa worked at a military hospital. Baron’s having his regular check-ups there, and the rest, as they say, is history. The wharf creaked under Elsa’s jumps. â€Å"Yes! Yes! I will be Mrs. Kingsley!† In college, Elsa met her best friend, Duke

Primary education Essay Example for Free

Primary education Essay India has made large strides in educating its population of more than a billion people, yet a lot remains to be done. It is commonplace now that education is both intrinsically valuable and also instrumental for economic well-being, and this is true for individuals and entire nations. No country in the world has been able to develop without the spread of mass education. An educated population is a prerequisite for take-off into high economic growth. Table 1 in the appendix shows literacy rates for India as a whole and by sex. It also shows the decadal rates of change from 1901 to the present. 2 Literacy rates have increased for both males and females, and though the latter continues to lag behind the former, there has been a narrowing of the male-female gap in literacy: from 24. 8% in 1991 to 21. 7% in 2001. In 2001, the absolute number of illiterates declined historically for the first time by nearly 32 million. In terms of state-wise performance, Kerala continues to occupy first rank as it has done historically; on the other hand, densely populated states like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar are yet to overcome their educational inertia. 3 The average figures for India as a whole hide a great deal of variation among states. Table 2 in the appendix provides literacy rates for states for the years 1991 and 2001, for the population as a whole, by sex and also provides the decadal rate of change. In 2001, Kerala, Maharashtra and Himachal Pradesh had more than 75% of their population of 7+ years literate. On the other hand, even in 2001, less than half of Bihar’s population of seven years and above was literate with female literacy rate only 33. 6%. In terms of zones, states in the South and West outperform states in the North and East. 2. Primary Education Primary education refers to the education of children between the ages 6-11 years (grades 1-5). Universalization of Primary Education (UPE) is a constitutional provision in India and there has been a steady expansion in the spread of primary education since Indian independence in 1947. The Indian educational system is the second largest in the world after China. In 2001-02, there were nearly 0. 66 million primary schools in India 1 This study has been undertaken as part of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals Project. 2 Before the 1991 census, only those belonging to the age-group 0-4 years were excluded from the population in order to compute literacy rates and the basis of the computation was the entire population. From the 1991 census onward, literacy rates were computed based on the population aged 7+ years and above. 3 In Bihar, Nagaland and Manipur as well as Delhi and Chandigarh, the absolute number of illiterates has increased in the 1990s. 4 providing access to 84% of habitations with a primary school located within a distance of one kilometer. Between 1997 and 2002, the gross primary school enrolment rate4 for India was 111 for males and 92 for females. The net primary school enrolment rate5 on the other hand was only 78 for males and 64 for females. The net primary school attendance rate between 1999 and 2002 was 79 for males and 73 for females. However, of the children who entered primary school, only 68% reached grade 5 between 1995 and 1999 (UNICEF, 2004). Table 3 provides data on gross primary school enrolments by sex between 1950-51 and 2001-2002. As can be seen from the table there has been a steady increase in the numbers of boys and girls attending primary school over time. In Table 4, state-wise enrolment of boys and girls as a percentage of their age-group is provided for 1997-1998. Girls’ enrolment has been steadily increasing over time and in 2001-02, nearly 45% of girls in the age-group 6-11 were enrolled in school. These statistics are heartening because at least until the 1990s, one of the most dismal aspects of India’s education system was the large percentage of the population in the younger age groups that were out of school. Socio-economic disparities Despite the strong constitutional backing for the provision of primary education in India6 and its expansion over time, the system is characterized not only by low achievements but also by large unevenness of achievements. Huge gaps remain between rural and urban areas, and the probability of getting any education at all sharply depends on gender, caste and income. Women, scheduled castes and tribes and the poor are faced with formidable barriers when it comes to getting basic education. Of the 200 million children in the age group 6-14, it is estimated that 59 million are out of school. Of these 35 million are girls and 24 million are boys (Ministry of Human Development, GOI). Apart from socio-economic determinants, the educational infrastructure and the management and the governance of the educational system in India are far from efficient or sufficient. The government is the largest provider of education in India with only about 10% of primary schools owned by the private sector. 7 The quality of education provided by the public education system is low which translates into low educational abilities even for those who are able to complete primary education cycle. Moreover, there is a lot of ‘waste’ in the educational system with dropout rates as high as 40% for the country as a whole and in some Indian states, they are as high as 75%. Though the number of primary 4 Gross primary school enrolment rate is computed as the number of children enrolled in primary school regardless of age divided by the population of that age group. 5 Net primary school enrolment rate is computed as the number of children in that age group enrolled in primary school divided by the population of that age group. 6 In 2002, the Supreme Court of India decreed that free primary education was a constitutional right. 7 Around 3% of private schools are aided by the government, which makes government intervention in the education sector even greater. 5 schools in the country increased, more than 1 lakh8 habitations still do not have access to a primary school within a distance of one kilometer. Teacher-pupil ratios are inadequate: less than 2 teachers are available in rural areas to teach a class size of around 100 students. Teacher motivation and teaching incentives are also very weak. India perhaps has the highest rate of teacher truancy in the world. Poverty and Education. Empirical evidence strongly shows that, both at the level of the household as well as at the level of the country, there is a positive relationship between income (and wealth) and educational attainment. More income simply means more resources available to spend on the acquisition of education. With more than 250 million people in India living on less than a $1 a day, poverty remains a major barrier to educational access. Although education is provided ‘free’ by the government, the cost of uniforms, textbooks and transportation costs are beyond the reach of many households (Tilak, 2004). Added to these direct costs are the indirect (opportunity) costs of wage/domestic labor which children perform and the costs of acquiring education become considerable for households. Graphs 1 and 2 in the appendix show simple regressions of literacy rates for sixteen states against state poverty rates and state per capita income for 2001. As is expected, literacy rates decline with poverty and rise with per capita incomes. State per capita incomes seem to explain literacy rates better than poverty rates. Filmer and Pritchett (2001) using Demographic Health Survey data for India find that the gap in enrolment between the highest and the lowest wealth class is as much as 52 percentage points. Gupta (2003) using the 52nd round of National Sample Survey data finds that the percentage of people who have completed five years of schooling declines as one descends consumption deciles. In the lowest consumption decile, the proportion of people who have not completed the primary school cycle is greater than 80%. 9 While poverty status and income class are strong determinants of who goes to school and for how long, they do not make up the whole story. Indian states of Kerala and Himachal Pradesh even with fewer resources at their disposal have been able to achieve much better educational and health outcomes compared to rich states such as Punjab and Haryana in India. This is true even when we look at cross-country outcomes. For example, Sri Lanka and Botswana do much better in education and health terms than would be predicted based on their level of resources; the Latin American countries do much worse given their resources (Mehrotra and Jolly, 1998). 8 One lakh is equal to 100,000. 9 These graphs are meant to be illustrative of the association between resources and education and do not claim any direction of causality. The relationship between resources and educational attainment is bidirectional. The poor cannot afford schooling. With little human capital, the opportunities to escape persistent poverty are very restricted and the poor can be trapped in a low education, low income vicious cycle across generations. A large literature has analyzed both theoretically and empirically persistence of poverty inter-generationally due to lack of resources to invest in education.

Capital market of india vs usa

Capital market of india vs usa INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM: MONEY AND CAPITAL MARKET IN INDIA:- A money market is not a market for money but it is a market for near money; or it is the market for lending and borrowing of short-term funds. It is the market where the short-term surplus investible funds of banks other financial institutions are demanded by borrowers comprising individual companies and government. Commercial banks are both suppliers of funds in the money market and borrowers. The Indian money market consists of two parts: the unorganized and the organized sectors. The unorganized sector consists of indigenous bankers who pursue the banking business on traditional lines and non-banking financial institutions(NBFCs) .the organized sector comprises the reserve bank, the state bank of India and its associates banks, both Indian and foreign. The organized money market in India has a number of sub markets such as the treasury bills market, the commercial bills market and the inter-bank call money market. The Indian money market is not a single homogenous market but is composed of several sub-markets, each one of which deals in a particular type of short term credit. CALL MONEY MARKET: The market is also known as money at call and short notice. The market has actually two segments viz. (a) the call market or overnight market, and (b) short notice market. The rate at which funds are borrowed and lent in this market is call money rate. Call money rates are market determined i.e. by demand for and supply of short term funds. The public sector banks for about 75 percent for the demand (that is, borrowings) and foreign banks and Indian private sector banks accounts for the balance for the balance of 20 percent of borrowings. Non-banking financial Institutions such as IDBI, LIC, GIC, etc enter the call money market as lenders and supply up to 80 percent of the short-term funds. The balance of 20 percent of the funds is supplied by the banking system .while some banks operates both as lenders and borrowers, others are eithers only borrowers or only borrowers or only lenders in the call money market. Bill Market in India: The bill market or the discount market is the most important part of the money market where short-term bills-normally up to 90 days-are brought sold. The bill market is further subdivided into commercial bill market and Treasury bill market. The market for commercial bills has not become popular in India. Unlike in London other international money markets where commercial bills are extensively bought and sold (i.e. discounted). The 91 days treasury bills are the most common way the government of India raises funds for the short period. Some years ago, the government had introduced the 182 day treasury bills which were later converted into 364-day treasury bills; the government introduced the 14-day intermediate treasury bills. Features defects of Indian money market: Existence of unorganized money market Absence of integration Diversity in money rates of interest Seasonal stringency of money Absence of the bill market Highly volatile call money market Absence of a well organized banking system Availability of credit instrument. Composition of Indian capital market: Capital market is the market for long term funds, just as the money market is the market for short term funds. It refers to all the facilities and the institutional arrangements for borrowing and lending term funds (medium-term and long-term funds).it does not deal in capital goods but is concerned with the raising of money capital for purposes of investment. The demand for long-term memory capital comes predominantly from private sector manufacturing industries and agriculture and from the government largely for the purpose of economic development. As the central and state governments are investing not only on economic overheads like transport, irrigation and power development but also on basic industries and sometimes even in consumer goods industries, they require substantial sums from the capital market. The supply of funds for the capital market comes largely from individual savers, corporate savings, banks, insurance companies specialized financing agencies and the government. Among the institutions, we may refer to the following: Commercial banks are important investors, but are largely interested in govt. securities and, to a small extent, debentures of companies; LIC and GIC are of growing importance in the Indian capital market, though their major interest is in government securities; Provident funds constitute a major medium of savings but their investment too are mostly in govt. securities; and Special institutions set up since independence , viz, IFCI, ICICI, IDBI, UTI, etc. -generally called development financial institutions (DFIs) -aim at supplying long term capital to the private sector. There are financial intermediaries in the capital market, such as merchant bankers, mutual funds leasing companies etc. which help in mobilizing savings and supplying funds to investors. Like all markets, the capital market is also composed of those who demand funds (borrowers) and those who supply funds (lenders).an ideal capital attempts to provide adequate capital at reasonable rate of return for any business which offers a prospective yield high enough to make borrowing worthwhile. The capital market is broadly divided into two the gilt-edged market and the industrial securities market. The gilt-edged market refers to the market for government and semi govt. securities, backed by the RBI. The securities traded in this market are stable in value and are much sought after by banks and other institutions. The industrial securities market refers to the market for shares and debentures of old and new companies. This market is further divided into the new issue market and old capital market meaning the stock exchange. The new issue market -often referred to as primary market- refers to raising of new capital in the form of shares and debentures whereas the old issue market -commonly known as stock exchange or stock market-deals with securities already issued by the companies. It is also known as the secondary market. Both markets are equally important, but often the issue market IS MUCH MORE IMPORTANT from the point of view of economic growth. DFIs supply funds for investment: financial intermediaries like merchant bankers help the corporate sector to raise funds in the capital market. SPECIAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS THE CAPITAL MARKET: Soon after independence, the govt. of India set up a series of financial institutions to be of special help to the private sector industries. IFCI was the first of these institutions (1948).it was followed by SFCs (set up by state govt. with cooperation of RBI other banks) to provide long term finance to small and medium industries. ICICI (1955), IDBI (1964) UTI (1964) followed soon after.LIC was set up in 1956 to mobilize individual savings and to invest part of savings in the capital market. Commercial banks the capital market: The operations of commercial banks have so far been confined to the purchase and sell of govt. and other trust securities. Their holdings of industrial securities viz. shares and debentures are very small. But in recent years, banks have been increasingly participating in term through subscribing to the shares debentures of special financial institutions. They are also setting up financial subsidiaries, known as merchant houses, mutual funds, venture capital companies, leasing companies, etc. to mobilize funds. Non banking financial companies (NBFCs): In recent years ,NBFCs, variously called as finance corporation loan company, finance company etc. have mushroomed all over the country. These companies, with a very little capital of their own have been raising deposits from the public by offering attractive rate of interest other incentives. They advance loans to wholesale and retail traders, small scale industries and self- employed person. Bulk of their loans is given to parties which dont either approach commercial banks or which are denied credit facilities. The finance companies give loans which are generally unsecured. Besides giving loans and advances to small sector, they run chit funds, purchase and discount hundies and have also taken up merchant banking, mutual funds, leasing etc. Essentially, these finance cos. are banks, since they perform the basic twin functions of attracting deposits from the public and making loans.RBI say The rapid growth of NBFCs especially in the nineties, has led to a gradual blurring of dividing lines between banks and NBFCs. Since NBFC are not regarded as banking companies they didnt come under the control of RBI. There is no minimum liquidity ratio or cash ratio between their own funds and deposits. The RBI has mentioned 5 kinds of NBFCs Leasing Financing Companies Hire purchase finance companies Loan finance companies Investment finance companies Residuary non-banking companies (RNBCs) Future of NBCs: The NBFCs are now emerging as a growing segment of the Indian financial system both the government and RBI appreciate the need for their orderly and healthy development with appropriate prudential safeguards. It is to regulate NBFCs and to improve their financial health that amendment to RBI act, 1934 was carried out. Mutual Funds: In recent years, mutual funds are the most important among newer capital market institutions. Several public sector banks and financial institutions have set up mutual funds on a tax-exempt basis. Their main function is to mobilize the savings of general people invest them in stock market securities. Growth of mutual fund: In the 1990s.MFs found it hard to attract investors, the competition for funds was hotting up from banks and the government was offering 14% interest on medium term securities, banks-12%, HDFC-14%, IDBI-15.75%. Under these conditions, it was difficult for mutual funds to rival such high yields on debt instruments. They also found it hard to meet high expectations of investors who were yet to break out of the get-rich-quick syndrome. Accordingly, the first wave of mutual funds failed. During 1998-99 and 1999-00, however the mutual fund sector registered significant growth. Economic conditions were good; stock exchanges were booming and the govt. had given tax concessions. All these help in the return of faith of people in mutual funds. The revival of mutual funds since 1995-96 was due to the entry of corporate majors-TATA, BIRLA, RELIANCE SBI. Many other followed with products designed for investor specific need. Investors left the banking system and flocked to mutual fund. STOCK EXCHANGE IN INDIA: In a modern capitalist economy, almost all commodities are produced on a large scale; and large scale production means large scale of capital. The public firms issues stocks and bonds and enable those with surplus funds to invest them profitability in them. The stock market is a place where stocks and shares other long term commitments or investments are bought and sold. History of Stock Exchange in India: The first organized stock exchange in India was started in Bombay when the Native Share Stock Brokers Association known as Bombay stock exchange (BSE) was formed by the brokers in Bombay.BSE was Asias oldest stock exchange. In 1894 Ahmadabad stock exchange was started to deal in the shares of textile miles there the Calcutta stock exchange was started in 1908 to deal in shares of plantation and jute miles besides these there were a number of unorganized and unrecognized exchanges known as KERB markets. There were also illegal DABBA markets in which stock and shares also bought and sold SEBI: The functioning of stock exchanges in India has shown many weaknesses, lack of transparency. to counter these problems and regulate capital market the government of India set up the SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA in 1988.SEBI was a non statutory body but in January 1992 it was made a statutory body. SEBI , in consultation with govt. of India has taken a lot of steps to introduce improved practices and greater transparency for the interest of the investing public and healthy development of capital markets SEBI has advised stock exchanges to amend the listing agreements to ensure the listed companies furnishes annual statements to the stock exchanges All the guidelines and regulatory measures of capital issues are meant to promote healthy and efficient functioning of the issue market In January 1995 the government amended SEBI ACT 1992, so as to arm SEBI with additional powers for ensuring the orderly development of capital market and to enhance its ability to protect the interest of investors. It was thought that SEBI has all necessary powers to control the capital market on one hand and effectively protect interest of the shareholders on the other. But it has failed miserably to prevent a small by scams like HARSHAD MEHTA scam. Capital Market of USA: USA has a very strong and developed capital market. Many other countries such as Germany have a very powerful and firm banking sector but the capital market of Germany is not so strong. There is a very agile financial market that is present in USA and is playing very important part in making and implementing the policies of the government. If agile market in financial instrument were not present, the govt. will not be able to open market operations. The capital market covers a big range of tools for borrowing and lending. The borrowers are businesses houses, retail investors, and government Institutes which have needs for funding. Lenders are businesses and Individuals with savings or excess money to invest. Financial institutions viz. commercial banks, investment Firms, and insurance companies, act as both borrowers and lenders. In addition, a wide variety of financial instruments have been developed that permit borrowers to sell their own securities and their own securities and ear n interest and profits. The market in which the maturities and trading are for a short period is called a money market; the money market is a market for short-term credit. The money market helps the players to deal with routine financial uncertainties. Borrowers trade it for mollify or Short-term cash. Markets that deal in instruments with maturities more than one year are known as capital markets, since credit for investments for new venture will be required for more than one year. There is a difference between primary and secondary market. The primary market applies to the original issuing of a credit market instrument. After a debt instrument has been issued, the purchaser may be able to resell the instrument before its maturity in a secondary market. These include different types of formal exchanges, and electronic trading through bids and offers. NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE: The New York stock exchange is the largest stock exchange in the world. It is operated by NYSE Euro next (it is the company that is formed by all the companies listed in the NYSE that came into existence in April 2007).the CEO of the company is Duncan L. Niederauer . Its origin started on may 1792, when 24 stock brokers signed the Buttonwood agreement. It was renamed NEWYORK STOCK AND EXCHANE BOARD on March 1817.The first president was Anthony Stockholm. Its composite index was created with a base value of 50 points and base year as 1965.after a gap of 38 years the base value was 5000 points and the base year was 2005. The list of stock exchanges of USA are given below: New York Stock Exchange NASDAQ Philadelphia Boston Stock Exchange National Stock Exchange American Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange New York Board of Trade NYSE Arca U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: It is an organization of USA government which regulates all the stock exchanges mentioned above. The primary responsibility of this commission is to enforce all the securities laws of investors and industries. It was created by SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT; 1934.This act is also called FEDRAL SECURITIES ACT. The main motive of the commission is to increase public faith in the capital markets by disclosure of information about public securities offerings. This commission divided in several offices. They are: The Office of General Counsel The Office of the Chief Accountant The Office of Compliance, Inspections and Examinations The Office of International Affairs PESTEL ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL MARKET OF INDIA: POLITICAL: THE capital market of India is very vulnerable. India has been politically instable in the past but it is a little politically stable now-a-days.the political instability of the country has a very strong impact on the capital market. The share market of India changes as the political changes took place. The sensex goes up and down with any kind of small and big political news, like, if there is news that a particular political party has withdrawn its support from the ruling party, and then the capital market will go down with a bang. The capital market of India is too weak and is based on speculations. The political stability of the country is very important for the stability and growth of capital market in India. The political imbalance or balance of the country is the major factor in deciding the capital market of India. The political factors include: employment laws tax policy trade restrictions and tariffs political stability ECONOMICAL: THE economical measures taken by the government of India has a very strong relationship with the capital market. Whenever the annual budget is announced the capital market goes up and down with the economical policies of the government .If the policies are supportive to the companies then the capital market takes it positively and if there is any other policy that is not supportive and it is not welcomed then the capital market goes down. Like, in the case of allocation of 3-G spectrum, those companies that got the license for 3-G, they witnessed sharp growth in their share values so the economic policies play a major part in the growth and decline of the capital market and again if there is relaxation on any kind of taxes on items of automobile industry then the share of automobile sector goes up and virtually strengthen the capital market .The economical factors include: inflation rate economic growth exchange rates interest rates SOCIAL: India is a country of unity in diversity .India is socially rich but the capital market is not very attached with the social factors .Yes, there is some relation between the social factors with the capital market. If there is any big social factor then to some extent it affects the capital market but small social factors dont impact at all. Like, there was opposition of reliance fresh in many cities and many stores were closed. The share prices of the reliance fresh went down but the impact was on and individual firm there was not much impact on the capital market on a whole the social factors have not much of impact on the capital market in India. The social factors include: emphasis on safety career attitudes population growth rate age distribution health consciousness TECHNOLOGICAL: The technological factors have not that much effect on the capital market. India is technological backward country. Same as social factors, technological factor can have an effect on an individual form but it cannot have a big impact on a whole of capital market. The Bajaj got a patent on its dts-i technology, and launched it in its new bike but it does not effect on capital market. The technological change in India is always on a lower basis and it doesnt effect on country as a whole. The technological factors include: RD activity technology incentives rate of technological change automation Environmental factors: Initially The environmental factors dont play a vital role in the capital market. But the time has changed and people are more eco-friendly. This is really bothering them that if any firm or industry is environment friendly or not. An increasing number of people, investors, corporate executives are paying importance to these facts, the capital markets still see the environment as a liability. They belie that it is of no use for their strategy. The environmental performance is even under-valued by the markets. Legal factors: Legal factors play an important role in the development and sustain the capital market. Legal issues relating to any industry or firm decides the fate of the capital market. If the govt. of India or the parliament introduces a new law that can affect the running of the industry then the industry will be demotivated and this demotivation will lead to the demotivation of the investors and will result in the fall of capital market. Like after the Harshat Mehta scam, new rules and regulations were introduced like PAN card was made necessary for trading, if any investor was investing too much money in a small firm, then the investors were questioned,etc. These regulations were meant to maintain transparency in the capital market, but at that time, investment was discouraged. Legal factors are necessary for the improvement and stability of the capital market. PESTEL Analysis Of The capital market of USA: Political factors: The political state of USA is very stable as compared to the India and trading there is done not on speculations but on hard and proven facts. They dont invest on feelings as we Indian investors do. It is a well known fact that the political factors play an important role in the capital market, but in USA due to its strong democracy and almost 100% employment the capital market. The investors there dont mix emotions with their professions so even if there is some kind of political disturbance that doesnt show much impact on the capital market there. ECONOMICAL: The economical factors of any country are very important for the capital market of that country and USA is no exception. For example: the great depression of 1931.the USA stock market crash on October 29,1929.it is also known as BLACK TUESDAY. This crash led to hugh loss for investors and the capital market was on its knees. Thus the economical factors are a very important and unavoidable factor .it will be suicidal to overlook the various economical factors like inflation, GDP, income tax structure etc. SOCIAL: Social factors almost dont affect the capital market in the USA. Because, the country is very rigid in its social roots. They are very less emotionally attached to each other especially in terms of business. The investors are least bothered about the social issues that prevail in their surroundings. Their social system is of that kind that it is too difficult to disturb the capital market there. Their social pattern is very much developed. Factors like emphasis on safety, health consciousness, career attitudes, population growth rate, age distribution etc. doesnt affect them at all. Technological factors: USA is a technologically developed country and the companies spend lot of money on the R D of any product.they dont bother about the cost incurring on it.and the investors there are very active

Race Relations :: essays research papers

1 Race Relations and Modern Church-State Relations Thomas C. Berg* This article concerns religion and race – two controversial subjects that have figured prominently in America’s constitutional and political debates since World War II. In particular, I wish to trace some connections in the last 50 years between developments in church-state relations and developments in race relations. Recently scholars of the First Amendment’s Religion Clauses have shown interest in how the Supreme Court’s modern decisions on that subject might have been influenced by the political, social, and cultural context of recent decades: such factors as the changing attitudes toward Roman Catholicism,1 the rise of secularism in culture,2 the position of religious minorities,3 and so forth. Like some of that other work, this Article traces the course of churchstate relations not only in the Court itself, but in the broader society. It would hardly be surprising if developments concerning church and state in the last 50 years interacted with developments in the area of race, since the latter have been so central to * Professor of Law, University of St. Thomas School of Law (Minneapolis). I presented portions of the material here at the Boston College Law Review Symposium on Separation of Church and State, in April 2002; at a Federalist Society program on â€Å"Faith Under Democracy,† in March 2002; at a summer 2001 symposium on Spirituality and Social Justice, sponsored by a grant from the Lilly Endowment; and to a fall 2001 meeting of the Colloquium on Religion and Philosophy at Samford University. I thank David Bains, Hugh Floyd, Penny Marler, [OTHERS], and the participants in those sessions for their comments on the various versions of the paper. 1See, e.g., John C. Jeffries, Jr., and James A. Ryan, A Political History of the Establishment Clause, 100 Mich. L. Rev. 279 (2001); Thomas C. Berg, Anti- Catholicism and Modern Church-State Relations, 33 Loyola U-Chi. L. Rev. 121 (2001); Douglas Laycock, The Underlying Unity of Separation and Neutrality, 46 Emory L. J. 43, __-__ (1997). 2See George W. Dent, Jr., Secularism and the Supreme Court, 1999 B.Y.U. L. Rev. 1. 3See Stephen M. Feldman, Religion-Clause Revisionism: Minorities and the Development of Religious Freedom (unpublished draft, on file with author). 2 constitutional law and moral-political debate – from the constitutional success of Brown v. Board of Education4 to the moral-political triumph of the civil rights movement to the current conflicts over how to define and achieve racial justice. The central story in church-state relations in the last 50 years has been the rise of a fairly strict separation of church and state as the overriding constitutional and moral ideal in the 1960s and 1970s, and the partial decline of that ideal from the 1980s

Acid Rain :: essays research papers fc

Acid Rain What is acid rain? Acid rain is not a recent phenomenon. In the 17th century, scientists noted the ill effects that industry and acidic pollution was having on vegetation and people. However, the term acid rain was not coined until two centuries later when Angus Smith published a book called 'Acid Rain' in 1872 ( Zumdahl 173). Acidic pollutants can be deposited from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface in wet and dry forms. The common term to describe this process is acid deposition. The term acid precipitation is used to specifically describe wet forms of acid pollution that can be found in rain, sleet, snow, fog, and cloud vapor. An acid can be defined as any substance that when dissolved in water dissociates to yield corrosive hydrogen ions. The acidity of a substances dissolved in water is commonly measured in terms of pH. According to this measurement scale solutions with pHs less than 7 are described as being acidic, while a pH greater than 7.0 is considered alkaline. Precipitation normally has a pH between 5.0 to 5.6 because of natural atmospheric reactions involving carbon dioxide. Precipitation is considered to be acidic when its pH falls below 5.6. Some sites in eastern North America have precipitation with pHs as low as 2.3 or about 1000 times more acidic than natural ( Zumdahl 171). One of the main causes of acid rain is sulphur dioxide. Natural sources, which emit this gas, are volcanoes, sea spray, rotting vegetation and plankton. However, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are largely to be blamed for approximately half of the emissions of this gas in the world. When sulphur dioxide reaches the atmosphere, it oxidizes to first form a sulphate ion. It then becomes sulphuric acid as it joins with hydrogen atoms in the air and falls back down to earth. Oxidation occurs mostly in clouds and especially in heavily polluted air where other compounds such as, ammonia and ozone help to catalyze the reaction, converting more sulphur dioxide to sulphuric acid. One of the direct effects of acid rain is on lakes and its aquatic ecosystems. There are several routes through which acidic chemicals can enter the lakes. Some chemical substances exist as dry particles in the air while others enter the lakes as wet particles such as rain, snow, sleet, hail, dew or fog. In addition, lakes can almost be thought of as the "sinks" of the earth, where rain that falls on land is drained through the sewage systems eventually makes their way into the lakes.

Ashoka Indian Ruler :: essays papers

Ashoka Indian Ruler One of the greatest rulers of India's history is Ashoka (Asoka). Ruling for thirty-eight years (274 B.C.-232 B.C.), he was generally mentioned in his inscriptions as Devanampiya Piyadasi ("Beloved of the gods"). As the third emperor of the Mauryan dynasty, he was born in the year 304 B.C. His greatest achievements were spreading Buddhism throughout his empire and beyond. He set up an ideal government for his people and conquered many lands, expanding his kingdom. The knowledge of Ashoka's early reign is limited because little information was found. His edicts and inscriptions allowed us to understand his reign and empire, and have an insight into the events that took place during this remarkable period of history. Eight years after he took his throne, Ashoka's powerful armies attacked and conquered Kalinga (present day Orissa). Although he had conquered many other places, this violent war was the last war he ever fought and a turning point of his career. He was disgusted by the extreme deaths of numerous civilians, especially the Brahmans. All these misfortunes brought Ashoka to turn into a religious ruler compared to a military ruler. As he turned to Buddhism, he emphasized dharma (law of piety) and ahimsa (nonviolence). He realized he could not spread Buddhism all by himself and therefore appointed officers to help promote the teachings. These officers were called Dhamma Mahamattas or "Officers of Righteousness"" They were in charge of providing welfare and happiness among the servants and masters. Preventing wrongful doings and ensuring special consideration was also their duty. Emphasizing his role as king, he paid close attention to welfare, the building of roads and rest houses, planting medicinal trees, and setting up healing centers. In order to pursue ahimsa, Ashoka gave up his favorite hobby of hunting and forbade the killing of animals, spreading vegetarianism throughout India. Furthermore, his soldiers were taught the golden rule- to behave to others the way you want them to behave to you, which is the basic law of life. In the nineteenth century, a large number of edicts written in Brahmi script carved on rocks and stone pillars were discovered in India, proving the existence of Ashoka. These edicts, found scattered in more than 30 places throughout India, Nepal, Pakistan and Afghanistan, are mainly concerned with moral principles Ashoka recommended, his conversion to Buddhism, his personality and his success as a king. The Minor Edicts is a summary of Ashoka's instruction of dharma, which talks about the purity of thoughts, kindness, thruthfulness, reverence, and other good morals of life. The Fourteen Rock Edicts were the major edicts, and Ashoka Indian Ruler :: essays papers Ashoka Indian Ruler One of the greatest rulers of India's history is Ashoka (Asoka). Ruling for thirty-eight years (274 B.C.-232 B.C.), he was generally mentioned in his inscriptions as Devanampiya Piyadasi ("Beloved of the gods"). As the third emperor of the Mauryan dynasty, he was born in the year 304 B.C. His greatest achievements were spreading Buddhism throughout his empire and beyond. He set up an ideal government for his people and conquered many lands, expanding his kingdom. The knowledge of Ashoka's early reign is limited because little information was found. His edicts and inscriptions allowed us to understand his reign and empire, and have an insight into the events that took place during this remarkable period of history. Eight years after he took his throne, Ashoka's powerful armies attacked and conquered Kalinga (present day Orissa). Although he had conquered many other places, this violent war was the last war he ever fought and a turning point of his career. He was disgusted by the extreme deaths of numerous civilians, especially the Brahmans. All these misfortunes brought Ashoka to turn into a religious ruler compared to a military ruler. As he turned to Buddhism, he emphasized dharma (law of piety) and ahimsa (nonviolence). He realized he could not spread Buddhism all by himself and therefore appointed officers to help promote the teachings. These officers were called Dhamma Mahamattas or "Officers of Righteousness"" They were in charge of providing welfare and happiness among the servants and masters. Preventing wrongful doings and ensuring special consideration was also their duty. Emphasizing his role as king, he paid close attention to welfare, the building of roads and rest houses, planting medicinal trees, and setting up healing centers. In order to pursue ahimsa, Ashoka gave up his favorite hobby of hunting and forbade the killing of animals, spreading vegetarianism throughout India. Furthermore, his soldiers were taught the golden rule- to behave to others the way you want them to behave to you, which is the basic law of life. In the nineteenth century, a large number of edicts written in Brahmi script carved on rocks and stone pillars were discovered in India, proving the existence of Ashoka. These edicts, found scattered in more than 30 places throughout India, Nepal, Pakistan and Afghanistan, are mainly concerned with moral principles Ashoka recommended, his conversion to Buddhism, his personality and his success as a king. The Minor Edicts is a summary of Ashoka's instruction of dharma, which talks about the purity of thoughts, kindness, thruthfulness, reverence, and other good morals of life. The Fourteen Rock Edicts were the major edicts, and

Nutrition leads to Academic Success and better life

All of us have an amazing gift, have you ever considered how incredible the human body is? Just look at what the brain is capable of doing and how it deals with our daily classroom requirements. Our brain needs several very important ingredients to make it more efficient with our academic success. Shockingly, fats are critical, our brains need good fats. We also need proteins, carbohydrates and water. These ingredients are really necessary for us to process information effectively. We will now look at the way our brains work. Within your brain, a biochemical process of learning is occurring, that parallels the classroom experience. Making connections, finding meaning, and solving problems are learning tasks that require lightning-fast electrical impulses between areas of the brain It's 5:30pm. You just arrived for your class after a long day at work. You have prepared yourself for this learning experience of visual input, hands-on activities, reading and experimentation – to absorb as much as possible (Norman). You look around your class room, do you see bright eyes and positive, expectant expressions, or do you see squirming, sleeping, or distracted fellow students. Do you notice if your peers are stressed, depressed and anxious? According to experts, the internal environment of the brain is an integral part of learning, just as important as the classroom environment. You may find in some cases students are not able to learn due to poor nutrition or inadequate hydration (Norman). A balance diet is critical to health, and physicians are concerned about today’s increased marketing of junk food and fast food. A trend that so alarming that some have termed it the next â€Å"tobacco† (Jenkins). Within your brain, a biochemical process of learning is occurring, that parallels the classroom experience. Making connections, finding meaning, and solving problems are learning tasks that require lightning-fast electrical impulses between areas of the brain. Formation of memory requires physical growth and reshaping of networks of brain cells. So that wonderful experience – when the lights go on and you say, â€Å"I get it! † – is a neurochemical process as well as an academic one. By nourishing the brain with healthy food and water, you will optimize the internal environment, enabling you to truly engage in the classroom environment and achieve your potential by knowing what your brain needs (Norman). The nutrients that help our brains work well are found in high concentration in the Mediterranean diet (Jenkins). Place your two fists together, with your inner wrists touching. Your brain is about this size and shape. Most of us have seen the rubbery pink models which aren’t a good representation; the brain is amazingly soft, composed primarily of fat and water. It is grayish and pudding-like – composed of 100 billion brain cells – called neurons that drive our thinking, learning, feeling and states of being. Neurons need good fats, protein, complex carbohydrates, micronutrients – vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, and water. These nutrients are necessary to power the learning functions of neurons. It’s amazing how our neurons connect (Norman). Just imagine your neurons are shaped like an outstretched hand, with fingers spread. Dendrites (fingers) receive information from other neurons, which is then sent through the axon (arm) to another neuron. The connection between two cells is called a synapse, where the dendrite of one cell nearly touches the body or axon of another cell. Neurons can connect multiple times with the same cell; grow extensions to connect with distant cells, and connect with many different cells at once by growing more dendrites. The brain is dynamic, responsive, and efficient: new connections will be made to record and integrate new information learned. Old, unused connections will be pruned away. This process of building and pruning is not confined to the time of the classroom experience, but continually evolves with all learning that occurs in your life, integrating what is learned within and outside the classroom, integrating life's experiences into the knowledge base and personality we have. The raw material for building and pruning of these connections comes from the food we eat. The big question is what should we feed our brains and body (Norman)? In past years fat was considered an unhealthy part of your diet, now we know that good fats are essential. Our solid matter of the brain is 60% fat, being that our brain consists largely of fatty membranes. Most brain fats are polyunsaturated, meaning their structure contains few or no double bonds which makes the molecules flexible. These fats help maintain flexible, dynamic membranes that are able to transmit and receive information, and maintain other cell functions such as energy production and stores water. Cholesterol is a saturated fat that is often linked Adkisson 4 ith heart disease, but the right cholesterol is an important part of a healthy brain. Sufficient quantities of cholesterol are manufactured in the body without dietary sources. Fat provides energy for the brain as well as a transformation using B-vitamins and other trace nutrients within the neuron to produce pure ATP. The best fats to consume are omega-3 oils from fish, nuts, seeds and dark leafy greens. The next ingredient provides the building blocks of our entire body (Norman). Protein provides amino acids that are used to form our neurotransmitters (NT) and support structures in neurons. Tryptophan from turkey and milk is used to produce serotonin, an NT creating feelings of well-being. Tyrosine, an amino acid found in almonds, an avocado, bananas and meat, is used to make dopamine, associated with enthusiasm (Norman). Our bodies produce about half of the twenty amino acids it needs the other ten are obtained from the foods we eat (Jenkins). Amino acids are also reassembled into powerful antioxidants that are used to protect DNA and other cell components from damage. Proteins also form receptors; structures embedded in membranes that aid in cell communication. All of us need energy and the best was to get it is through the following (Norman). Carbohydrates are the number one energy source for our brain. Sugar is the main fuel for the brain. Most of us have noticed a boost of energy when we eat something that provides sugar. Keep in mind that consuming excessive sugar for breakfast, causing bursts of energy followed by headaches, trouble concentrating, or drowsiness. When our sugar levels rise in our bloodstream, the pancreas releases insulin, which directs sugar into cells, to keep our blood sugar at a stable level. The more sugar we eat causes more insulin to be released, which leads to drowsiness. Many persons instinctively reach for more sugar to boost their energy, thus initiating this cycle again. People, who begin their day with a large donut and sugary juice drink, have a candy bar for a snack, followed by a soda afterwards. This becomes an addiction that’s very difficult to overcome the awful rollercoaster effect of the sugar-insulin response. The best way to overcome it is to make sure your meals contain complex carbohydrates – i. e. whole grains or products made with whole grain flour, rather than refined sugars. Nonetheless, the absorption rate of refined sugar is generally higher, causing a greater release of insulin. One must not forget the next very important ingredient that 60% of our bodies are made up of (Norman). I’m so amazed with the way our neurons store water in tiny balloon-like structures called vacuoles. Water is necessary for optimal brain health and function. Water maintains the tone of our membranes for normal neurotransmission. It improves our circulation and helps in removing wastes. It also keeps our brain from overheating; lack of water could cause serious damage. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, dizziness, poor concentration and reduced cognitive abilities. Even mild levels of dehydration can impact learning performance. It is interesting to note that hydration has been found to affect exercise tolerance. People who are dehydrated tend to feel tired during exercise and avoid activity, a risk factor for obesity. When you are hydrated well before exercise and drink water while exercising leads to an enjoyable experience with less fatigue. It’s encouragement to keep a water bottle at you desk to sip throughout your classes to achieve the recommended intake of water throughout the day. Nutrition and hydration make a difference that helps the foundation for healthy learning. Making healthier choices is an essential part of your education and well-being. Keep water bottle at your desk throughout your class periods. Eat healthy treats such as whole fruit, whole grain crackers, and veggies. Learn how to choose the healthiest foods from the menus at the mall or carry a lunch. Incorporate healthy nutrition at work and home. By making these small changes you’ll be more attentive, and able to enjoy learning and improve you and your families’ lives (Norman). We all have a gift from God, our bodies are temples. We need to take care of it by feeding it properly, exercising and keeping it healthy. Some of us do not do that, unfortunately. We live in an unhealthy nation. There are steps we can take to make changes that can improve our academic success and lives. Sixty percent of our brain is made up of good fats that we should ensure we get. Proteins support structures in neurons. Carbohydrates are the number one energy source for our brain and water is necessary for optimal brain health and function. A person should have enough respect for their bodies to feed it and make it healthy.

Bata Proposal

Proposal For The Student Internship Report Semester: Fall 2012 Title of the Report: Automation and Update of the Employee Profile in BATA Shoe Co. (BD) Ltd. Rationale for Selecting the Report: I am Doing my internship in BATA shoe Co. (BD) Ltd. and currently working in the department of Human Resource Management. As BATA is a production based company and the company has to deal with man power frequently and in a huge amount. And for managing this huge man power HRD plays a huge role. And one of the biggest company in our country and in the world they are practicing Human resource Management for a long time.As they are practicing it for a long time now, previously they were doing the operations of HR in manual way but by time they got into Automation. They were keeping the data into HRIS software for a long now but in the old HRIS software many fields were missing and now they have decided to develop new HRIS software and add some new fields to it which is very important for the organ ization. By this new software they will get fully updated HRIS software with new information about all the employees, so that they will e able to use it whenever they need.And now I am helping the HR department of BATA to update the employee profile by assisting them to fill up the employee information field and collect the up-to-date information about all the employees of the organization. And giving input into the software. I think this will help me understand the process how HRIS of BATA shoe Co. (BD) Ltd. Works and how it will help the organization as well as the department of HR. it is to see how they manage the personnel through this HRIS software. Background of BATA Shoe: Bata Ltd. is a privately owned global shoe manufacturer and retailer headquartered in Ontario, Canada.The company is led by a third generation of the Bata family. With An operation in 68 countries, Bata is organized into four business units. Bata Canada, based In Toronto, serves the Canadian market with 250 stores. Based in Paris, Bata Europe Serves the European market with 500 stores. With supervision located in Singapore, Bata International boasts 3,000 stores to serve markets in Africa, the Pacific, and Asia, Finally, Bata Latin America, operating out of Mexico City, sells footwear throughout Latin America. All told, Bata owns more than 4,700 retail stores and 46 production facilities.Total employment for the company exceeds 50,000. 1894: The Bata family establishes a company in Zlin, located in what is now the Czech Republic. 1932: Founder Tomas Bata dies in an airplane accident. 1939: The Company relocates to Canada after the movement of German military forces Into Eastern Europe. 1945: Czechoslovakia business operations are nationalized by the new communist Government following World War II. 1991: Bata returns to the Czech Republic following fall of the communist regime. 1994: Thomas J. Bata, the son of the company's founder, retires. 1962: Started in Bangladesh 2001: Thomas J. B ata, Jr. becomes chairman and CEO. Bata Bangladesh is affiliated to the Bata Shoe Organization, the world's largest footwear Manufacturing and marketing organization.Started operation in Bangladesh in 1962, Incorporation in Bangladesh in 1972. Currently, Bata Bangladesh operates 2 manufacturing plant Tongi and Dhamrai, Bata Bangladesh is producing around 110,000 pairs of shoes daily. It has a modern tannery With the latest technological facilities to process 5 million square feet of leather yearly. Objectives: General Objectives: The general objective of the internship report is to learn how the HRIS works in the BATA Shoe Co. BD) Ltd. and the organizational behavior how the corporate culture works in the organization. I can also compare the practical and theoretical knowledge of Human Resource Management and HRIS. Specific Objectives: †¢It will help me to complete my undergraduate program †¢I will be able to know the HR process of BATA †¢It will also be useful for me to understand about the HRIS in BATA. Submitted By: Name of the Student (Intern): Fahmi Rahmat Nawaz ID No# 09-14444-2 Major: Human Resource Management (HRM) Date: 07-11-2012 Action by the Supervisor: Approved: Disapproved: Approved With Revision:

Education is a means of brainwashing a society Essay

This can also be observed in our present Western world, where higher education can be gained with capitalist power, meaning money. If we regard this issue from the global point of view, on can see how our Western world exhaust the 3rd world, and keep it down in order to profit from their cheap working forces. This withholding of knowledge gives the Western states a position of enforcing its imperialistic politics on other populations. Moreover the knowledge is also essential to express criticism, which is not being in given in these backward countries. In the Iraq for example, a whole population is being oppressed by a corrupt and oppressive regime; however, instead of opposing the regime on the streets or express a sense of resistance, the whole population is fascinated by the leader and adores him. This would truly not have been possible with a decent amount of education. On the other hand one has to say that in a country such as Iraq, objective reporting are overshadowed by the highly subjective, the regime supporting propaganda reporting; due to the lack of education the brought masses are very accessible for such kind of information. What it basically makes clear is that without an objective education, criticism is impossible and prejudice is indoctrinated. Without education, a human being cannot differentiate if something is right or wrong; thus it just accepts its situation and becomes vulnerable to leaders or regimes, which can then impose their ideology upon the individual. We find a similar situation in Bernd Shaw’s play ‘Pygmalion’, where the lower Strata (in this case symbolized by Eliza) is not able to express any criticism due to her lack of knowledge; in a nai ve, non-critical way she accepts everything that is being told her. The quote of Higgins â€Å"Oh that’ll be all right. I’ve taught her to speak properly; and she has strict orders as to her behaviour. She’s to keep to two subjects: the weather and everybody’s health- (†¦ )† demonstrates how Elizabeth is being reduced to a common object in a experiment comparable to a rat in a laboratory. This inability to express critics on the way she is being treated emerges from her lack of knowledge how to speak properly and so lack of education. Taking this idea one step further, lack of education can consequently result in the transforming of a human being in a mindless machine; a human being’s is character and personality is defined through its experience on various areas of knowledge, which is gained by education. If this intellectualism is being suppressed, a society becomes vulnerable towards underhand manipulation by an intellectually more advanced minority that dazzles the people with the utopian idea of salvation and an improvement of their live conditions. Again we can observe this at out present society, thus in another way. Christian values are the basics of our society; laws like â€Å"You shall not kill† make a social living-together possible. These basics are being taught virtually from birth on. So we here have the example of how education is a pillar of our society, upon everything is based. Summing everything up, in conclusion it can be stated that education is essential for any individual; if there is none, no right/wrong discussion can emerge and so no criticism. This circumstance can be used by regimes to use education as a powerful and highly effective tool to manipulate a population. Doubtlessly education enforces prejudice; however to what extend this is objectively assessed or just imposed on an individual, that has nothing else to believe in, depends on the governing regime. In communism for example people are brainwashed and subjective beliefs are institutionalised upon them; however, to gain the ability to express criticism or an opinion and so prevent oppression, education is essential. The insidious increase of ignorant stupidity, caused by the malign influence of individuals/groups is the disease infiltrating a society and can only be fought with objective education.

Corruption of Power †Macbeth Essay

Shakespeare’s bloody and tragic play Macbeth, written in the seventeenth century, portrays blind ambition, appearances can be deceiving and corruption of power. It follows the reasons behind Macbeth’s downfall. The play analyzes how other outside forces can easily change the path of ones desires and decisions. The witches’ intrusion, Lady Macbeth’s manipulation and Macbeth’s dark desires all interfere and manipulate Macbeth’s decisions. He goes from being praised as a noble soldier to a traitor and corrupt king. In the play, Macbeth commits many terrible crimes; however he is solely not responsible for all of them. The outside factors manipulate his decisions and are responsible for his downfall at the end. To begin, the witches’ manipulate Macbeth early in the play by strongly influencing his decisions. The witches scheme to tell Macbeth his fate after a battle has is lost and won. While traveling to King Duncan’s castle Macbeth and Banquo stumble upon the three witches. The first witch greets Macbeth with his current title as the Thane of Glamis, the second witch greets Macbeth as the Thane of Cawdor, and the last witch greets Macbeth as, â€Å"All hail Macbeth that shalt be king hereafter† (1. ii. 53). The greetings are prophecies that plant a negative seed of blind ambition in Macbeth’s thoughts and the predictions are an approach on the witches’ behalf to establish trust. Soon after the witches’ disappear, two Scottish Nobles – Angus and Ross – inform Macbeth of his new title as the Thane of Cawdor in addition to his current title as Thane of Glamis. The news makes Macbeth hopeful and invokes blind ambition, that he may become king. The prediction may come true easily as the Thane of Cawdor title did without causing harm to anyone. Once Macbeth actually becomes King, the pressure and guilt of his actions start to build. He starts to worry and is insecure about his throne because the witches also predict that Banquo’s descendants will become king. He decides to persuade two murders to commit the monstrous crime of murdering his good friend. Macbeth intends to murder Banquo and his son Fleance, because they pose a great threat to his crown. After Macbeth is successful in persuading the two murders he orders the two murders, â€Å"to leave no rubs nor botches in the work/ Fleance, his son, that keeps him company,/ Whose absence is no less material to me† (3. . 153-155). Macbeth shows fear toward the prediction the witches foretold Banquo and this pushes him to murder once again. Moreover, the prediction was not meant directly at Banquo but for his descendants to rule Scotland as future kings. Macbeth does not want this because he desires his own descendents to become future kings. Banquo, and his son Fleance are a mere obstacle that need removing and Macbeth shows no concern or remorse in his decision to murder his dear companion Banquo and his son. Later, Macbeth receives news about Banquo’s death and Fleance’s escape is relief however, it is short lived when Macbeth starts to see the ghost of Banquo. Macbeth is horrified and scared which leads him to the decision of visiting the three witches for answers. Macbeth is feeling insecure and fears Fleance returning and taking the throne away from him. There in a cave, the witches call upon their masters, the three apparitions to answer Macbeth’s request for information. The first apparition, an armed head, informs Macbeth to beware of Macduff. The second apparition, a bloody child, advises Macbeth to be secure and not worry, because any man born from a woman can not hurt Macbeth. Macbeth laughs at this apparition’s prediction because every man is born from a woman and the second apparition’s prediction gives him more confidence and arrogance. Last of all, the final apparition, a crowned child with a tree in its hand, tells Macbeth to be proud and not fearful because he cannot be vanquished â€Å"until/ Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill/ Shall come against him† (4. i. 106-107). Macbeth is delighted to hear this prediction from the third apparition because he knows trees can not move and this information gives Macbeth the confidence he was seeking for in order to feel secure about his position and his throne can not be taken away. He feels as if no one can harm him. Although the apparitions are correct, the witches have twisted the truth for Macbeth to feel invincible and confident on the decisions he is making to cause him harm in the near future. Secondly, Lady Macbeth’s blind ambition and false appearance take part in further altering Macbeth’s decisions. Lady Macbeth reads Macbeth’s letter and she immediately starts to plot King Duncan’s murder so the witches’ prophecies can her husbands desires can become true. She knows Macbeth is, â€Å"too full o’ th’ milk of human kindness/†¦ That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false/ And yet wouldst wrongly win† (1. V. 17-23). Lady is aware her husband Macbeth is too noble and innocent to hurt an individual for his own personal gain. She knows she will have to persuade Macbeth to murder Duncan in order for him to become king. Later, during the congratulatory dinner, Lady Macbeth convinces a hesitant Macbeth to execute Duncan. At first, Macbeth is hesitant because he thinks he is double crossing trust with the king, he is his kinsman, and tonight Duncan is his guest. Moreover, Duncan has done no wrong to deserve death. Macbeth confesses to Lady Macbeth he can not murder Duncan however, Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"Art thou afeard/†¦Wouldst thou have that/ Which thou esteem’st the ornament of life/And live a coward in thine own esteem† (1. vii. 43-47). Lady Macbeth is challenging his manhood by calling him a coward. She is manipulating Macbeth by playing with his insecurities and leaving him confused and in a vulnerable state. Lady Macbeth takes advantage of the moment and convinces Macbeth to murder Duncan to prove he is a man and worthy of his manhood. As the dinner goes on, Lady Macbeth keeps up a perfect facade of an innocent, gentle host dressed in white gown. However, she is deceiving everybody because as the guards drink and party the night away she laces their drinks to knock them. Therefore, later the blame of Duncan’s murder can be put on their heads. After midnight, Macbeth murders Duncan and he is mortified and paranoid. Macbeth is disgusted at himself however, Lady Macbeth convinces him â€Å"My hands are of your color, but I shame/ To wear a heart so white/†¦ A little water clears us of this deed† (2. ii. 83-87). She manipulates Macbeth in thinking the murder of Duncan is just a step to complete his desires. She completes the murder and helps Macbeth wash his hands as well as hers. She reassures him they will not be caught because she cleverly drugged and put the bloody draggers in the guard’s hands. In addition, explains their cover story as being asleep while this dreadful deed took place. Moreover, Lady Macbeth uses her blind ambition and false appearance to manipulate Macbeth’s decisions and deceive the individuals around them to achieve Macbeth’s desires and complete the witches’ prophecies. Thirdly, Macbeth’s dark desires start to transform Macbeth from a noble soldier to a tyrant and a corrupt king as a result, of the manipulation from the witches’ and blind ambition from his wife – Lady Macbeth. At the beginning of the play Macbeth is praised for successfully vanquishing the enemy and his army alongside his loyal companion and solider, Banquo. After the battle, King Duncan praises Macbeth as, â€Å"O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman† (1. ii. 26). The praise gives Macbeth great respect and honour because ‘cousin’ is referred to an individual who is highly trusted and respected. Macbeth is praised because of his respectful deeds of protecting the king and eliminating the enemy threat. The good words Duncan says to Macbeth honour him in a positive way. However, soon after the witches tell Macbeth the prophecies; the second prophecy becomes true and he is awarded the tile of Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth travels to King Duncan’s castle to let him know of his appreciation towards the kind gesture. However, at the castle Macbeth’s desires start to change. Duncan announces his eldest son, Malcolm, will be the heir to the throne after his passing away. Macbeth says in an aside, â€Å"Stars, hide your fires; / Let not light see black and deep desires† (1. iv. 57-58). The seed that the witches’ are responsible for planting inside of Macbeth’s noble thoughts earlier starts to evolve into less noble thoughts of becoming king. Now Macbeth is starting to feel jealous towards Malcolm. He tries to convince himself that such negative thoughts are not good and should not remain in his mind any further. Moreover, Macbeth is scared and hopes no one is aware of his negative thoughts towards Malcolm. Moreover, Macbeth now carries the burdens of two murders; of King Duncan, and his good friend Banquo. However, he starts to feels insecure once again due to the apparition’s prediction of being aware of Macduff. Macbeth states, â€Å"From this moment/ The very firstlings of my heart shall be/ The firstlings of my hand† (4. . 166-168), and orders in a rushed decision to execute every living soul in Macduff’s castle so he can sleep better at night. The irrational order to slaughter innocent people in Macduff’s castle proves how Macbeth is abusing his power of king. Macbeth is punishing Macduff’s innocent family for Macduff’s treason. However, Macduff’s family is not even aware of Macduff’s decisions and treason. Macbeth s ays he does not care what he does or how it will affect the others around him as long as it will help him sleep better at night. This proves Macbeth is no longer noble but a tyrant and corrupt king. Furthermore, the changes Macbeth undergoes, from a noble solider to a tyrant and corrupt king occur due to his dark desires; his decisions were affected by the witches’ manipulation and by his wife, Lady Macbeth’s blind ambition. To conclude, Macbeth is not responsible for all his terrible crimes he commits throughout the play. The witches’ manipulation, his wife – Lady Macbeth’s blind ambition and Macbeth’s desires hinder with noble Macbeth’s decisions and cause him to become Tyrant and Black Macbeth. At the beginning of the play he is the great and noble solider praised by King Duncan, but later transforms to a psychotic and corrupt king. He killed innocent people to get to his position as king and to further secure it. Furthermore, Shakespeare portrays in his play Macbeth, blind ambition, appearances can be deceiving and corruption of power and how they can be outside forces contributing to one’s downfall. In Macbeth’s case, outside forces influence his decisions and ultimately lead to his destruction.